REFERENCES

Armstrong, Edward G. (2004). “Eminem’s Construction of Authenticity” from Popular Music and Society, Vol. 27, No. 3.

Asaad, Allah (2002). “The Laws of The Universal Zulu Nation.” www.globaldarkness.com/articles/universal_zulu_nation.htm.

Bambaataa, Afrika (1995). “The True Meaning of Hip-Hop Culture” from The Bomb Hip-Hop Magazine #38. www.globaldarkness.com/articles/true_meaning_of_hip_hop_bambaata.htm 

Baraka, Amiri (1963) formerly known as LeRoi Jones. Blues People: The Negro Experience in White America and the Music that Developed from It. New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks.

Baker, Houston A. (1993). Black Studies, Rap and the Academy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Becker, Howard S. (1982). Art Worlds. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Boyd, Todd (2003). The New H.N.I.C.: The Death of Civil Rights and the Reign of Hip Hop. New York: New York University Press.

Chang, Jeff (2005). Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Chuck D (1997). Fight the Power: Rap, Race, and Reality. New York: Delacorte Press.

Eyerman, Ron and Jamison, Andrew (1998). Music and Social Movements: Mobilizing Traditions in the Twentieth Century.  New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gilroy, Paul (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Hoch, Danny (1998). Jails, Hospitals & Hip-Hop and Some People. New York: Villard Books.

Hoch, Danny (2004). “Public Service Announcement” from Jails, Hospitals & Hip-Hop Live in New Haven, CT on 6/23/04.

Kitwana, Bakari (2002). The Hip Hop Generation: Young Blacks and the Crisis in African-American Culture. New York: BasicCivitas Books.

Kool Mo Dee (2003). There’s a God on the Mic: The True 50 Greatest MCs. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press.

KRS-One (2003). Ruminations. New York: Front Page Entertainment.

Laraña, Enrique, Hank Johnston and Joseph Gusfield (1994). “Identities, Grievances, and New Social Movements” from New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, p. 3-35.

Maleuvre, Didier (2001). “Art and Criticism: Must Understanding be Interpretive?” Substance # 96, Vol. 30, no. 3.

Mitchell, Toni (2001). Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.

Neate, Patrick (2003). Where You’re At: Notes from the Frontline of a Hip-Hop Planet. New York: Riverhead Books.

Peterson R.A. (1997). Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Potter, Russell (1995). Spectacular Vernaculars: Hip-Hop and the Politics of Postmodernism. New York: State University of New York Press.

Riley, Patricia (1991). “Cornerville as narration” from Peter Frost et al., (eds.), Reframing Organizational Culture: 215-222. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Rose, Tricia (1994). Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press.

Rux, Carl (2003). “Eminem: The New White Negro” from Everything But The Burden: What White People Are Taking From Black Culture. New York: Broadway Books.

Shusterman, Richard (1992). Pragmatist Aesthetics: Living Beauty, Rethinking Art. Oxford: Blackwell.

Tate, Greg (2003). Everything But The Burden: What White People Are Taking From Black Culture. New York: Broadway Books.

Universal Zulu Nation: The Infinity Lessons. http://www.zulunation.com/infinity.html.

Whyte, William F. (1993). “Revisiting Street Corner Society.” Sociological Forum, Vol. 8, No. 2.

Williams, Saul (2003).  Interview for Recoil Magazine vol 5 no2. http://www.recoilmag.com

Wimsatt, William Upski (1994). Bomb the Suburbs. New York: Soft Skull Press.

AUDIO

Eric B. & Rakim (1987). “I Know You Got Soul” from Paid In Full. Island Records.

Ice Cube (1990). “Nigga Ya Love to Hate” from Amerikkka’s Most Wanted. Priority Records.

Jay-Z (2003). "Moment of Clarity" from The Black Album. Def Jam Records.

KRS-One (2003).  “Hiphop – The Early Days” from Ruminations (Audio CD). Front Page Entertainment.

KRS-One (2004). “Hiphop’s Meaning and Purpose” from Audio Lecture. http://www.templeofhiphop.org.

KRS-One (2004). Lecture at Nine Elements Hip-Hop Summit, Miami FL. http://www.templeofhiphop.org.

Macklemore (2005) "White Privilege" from The Language of My World. NWX Music.

The Sky Beneath (2005). “Don’t You No” from The Winter EP. Sky Beneath Records.

VIDEO

Acey, Taalam (2002). When the Smoke Clearz. Online Video Clip. www.taalamacey.com/video.htm.

Jay-Z: Fade to Black (2005). DVD. Patrick Paulson & Michael John Warren, directors. Paramount Video.

The Freshest Kids: A history of the b-boy from the boogie down Bronx and beyond (2002). DVD. QD3 Entertainment, Inc. and Brotherhood Films.

Wild Style (1982). DVD. Charlie Ahearn, director. Wild Style Productions.